The action
is happening right now
Rumus
·
(+)
S + tobe (is, am, are) + V-ing + O
·
(-)
S + tobe + note + V-ing + O
·
(?)
tobe + S + V-ing + O ?
·
Is -> He, She, It
·
am -> I
·
Are -> We, you, they
Examples:
·
(+)
We are studyung English right now.
·
(-)
We are not (aren’t) studying English right
now.
·
(?)
Are we studying English right now?
·
Right now -> show exact time.
·
Now
2. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: QUESTIONS
QUESTION -> SHART ANSWER ( + LONG ANSWER )
BE + SUBJECT
+ ING
a) Is Marya sleeping ? -> Yes, she,
is. (She’s sleeping)
-> No, she’s not. (She’s not sleeping)
-> No, she
isn’t. (She isn’t sleeping)
b) Are you watching TV? -> Yes, she isn’t. (i’m watching TV)
->
No, I’m not. (I’m not watching TV)
3. Simple Past Tense -> Nominal (With
be)
PRESENT
TIME
|
PAST
TIME
|
a)
I am in class today.
b)
Alice is at the library today.
|
a)
I was in class yesterday.
b) Alice was at the library yesterday.
c)
My friends were at home yesterday.
|
Singular Plural I + was
I was we were she +was
You were(one person) you were (more
than one person) he +was
She was they were it +was
He was we +were
They +were
4. NEGATIVE
a) I was not at class yesterday NEGATIVE
CONTRACTIONS
b) I wasn’t in class yesterday was + not = wasn’t
were + not = weren’tb
c) They was note at
home last night I +wasn't
d) They weren’t at
home last night she +wasn't we +weren't
It +wasn't they +weren't
PRESENT PAST
Today -> yesterday
This motning -> yesterday morningg
This afternon -> yesterday afternoon
Tonight -> last night
This week -> last week
This week -> last week
6. QUESTIONS
YES/NOW QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWER +
(LONG ANSWER)
a) Were you in
class yesterday? -> yes, I
was. (I was in class yesterday)
(Be) + (subject) -> No, I wasn’t. (I wasn’t in class yesterday)
b) Was Carlos at
home last night? -> Yes, he was. (He was at home last night)
(be) + (subject) No,
he wasn’t (He wasn’t at home
last night)
7. SIMPLE PAST TENSE -> VERB (WITH VERB)
·
(+)
S + V2 + O
·
(-)
S + did + not + VI + O
·
(?)
did + S + VI + O
·
Did
-> I, we, you, they, he, she, it.
Examples:
a) I walk to
school every day
b) I walked to
school yesterday
c) Ann Walks to school every day
d) Ann Walked to school yesterday
8. IRREGULAR VERBS
PRESENT PAST
Come - came
Do -did
Eat -ate
Get -got
Go -went
Have -had
Put -put
Soe -saw
Sit -sat
Sleep -slept
Stand -stood
Write -wrote
a) I come to class every day.
a) I do my homework every day.
b) I didi my homework yesterday.
9. YES/NO QUESTIONS
a) Did Mary walk to
school? -> yes,she did. (She
walked to school)
-> No,she
didin’t (She didn’t walk to
school)
b) Did you come
to class? -> Yes,I
did (I came to class)
-> No, I didn’t (I didn’t
come to class)
10. PAST PROGRESIVE -> an activity in
progress at a particular time in the past
·
(+)
S + tobe (was, were) + V-ing + O
·
(-)
S – tobe + not + V-ing + O
·
(?)
tobe + S + V-ing + O?
·
Was
-> I,he,she,it
·
Were
-> we,you, they
Examples:
·
(+)
We were studying English.
·
(-)
We were not (weren’t) studying English
·
(?)
Were we studying English?
11. SIMPLE FUTURE -> Future
a) Be going to
·
(-)
S + tobe + not + going + to + V I + O
·
(?)
tobe + going + to + V I + O ?
·
I
am going to leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.
·
I
am not going leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.
·
Am
I going to leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.
b) Will
·
(+)
S + will + V I + O
·
(-)
S + will + V I + O
·
(?)
Will + S + V I + O ?
·
I
will study hard.
·
I
will not (won’t) study hard.
·
Will
study hard ?
12. BE GOING TO vs. WILL
1. BE GOING TO
vs. WIL
When to use GOING TO
The
structure BE GOING TO is normally used to indicate the future
but with some type of connection to the present. We use it in the following
situations:
a)
When we have already decided or we INTEND to do something
in the future. (Prior Plan)
The decision has been made before the moment of
speaking.
- They're
going to retire to the beach - in fact they have already bought a
little beach house.
- I'm
going to accept the job offer.
b)
When there are definite signs that something is going
to happen. (Evidence)
Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or
experience you have.
- I think
it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.
- I don't
feel well. I think I'm going to throw up. (throw up = vomit)
c)
When something is about to happen:
- Get back!
The bomb is going to explode.
When to use
WILL
In other cases,
where there is no implicit or explicit connection to the present, use WILL:
a)
For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)
This is when
you make a decision at that moment, in a spontaneous way.
- I'll buy
one for you too.
- I think
I'll try one of those. (I just decided this right now)
b)
When we think or believe something about the future.
(Prediction)
- My team
will not win the league this season.
- I think it
will rain later so take an umbrella with you.
Note: You can
use both Will and Going to for making future
predictions.
c)
To make an offer, a promise or a threat.
- I'll give
you a discount if you buy it right now.
- I promise
I will behave next time.
- I'll take
you to the movies if you'd like.
d)
You use WON'T when someone refuses to do something.
- I told him
to take out the trash but he won't do it.
- My
kids won't listen to anything I say.
- My
car won't start.
Future
Predictions
As you can see,
both Will and Going to can be used for making
future predictions without having a real difference in meaning.
- The
weather report says it will rain tomorrow. (Correct)
- The
weather report says it is going to rain tomorrow.
(Correct)
Compare Will
vs. Going To
If someone
asks: "Are you busy this evening?"
If I respond:
"Yes, I'm going to the movies." I use going to because
it is a plan I made earlier (before I was asked the question). - In this case
we cannot use Will.
If I haven't
made plans, then you can say either: "I will probably
watch TV." OR "I'm probably going to watch
TV."
Both will and going
to are possible in this situation because we are predicting what will
happen (since we haven't made any plans).
